高位池对虾精养技术及病害防治Ⅰ.高位池种类、结构

中国大陆对虾高位池对虾养殖自1994年在广东徐闻县首次试验成功以来已有10a历史,在广东、广西、海南三省区获得了成功并得到快速发展,平均单产凡纳滨对虾9000 kg/hm2,最高单产达30000 kg/hm2以上.地膜养虾模式自1998年在我国大陆创立以来也得到较快的发展,在传统池改造中愈加发挥重要作用.笔者将10年来从事高位精养虾池(简称高位池)及地膜精养虾池养虾经验及研究予以总结.详细介绍了高位虾池及地膜虾池结构包括进水系统、排水系统、增氧系统等,并对高位精养虾池及地膜精养虾池的养殖管理及病害防治技术作了系统介绍.     

沥青混凝土面层早期病害的施工预防对策

针对沥青混凝土面层早期出现的主要病害，分析其特征及成因，提出在施工期间开始预防这些病害的具体技术措施。     

Inducing dopaminergic differentiation of expanded rat mesencephalic neural stem cells by ascorbic acid in vitro

Ascorbic acid (AA) induced differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reported.NSCs derived from rat mesencephalon were maintained and expanded in a defined medium containing mitogens of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment led to more DAergic neuronal differentiation as indicated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which are specific markers of dopamine neurons.AA induction also enhanced expression of Nurr1 and Shh.PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, could block AA-induced Nurr1, TH and DAT mRNA expression.The results might suggest a new strategy to provide enough dopaminergic cells for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD), and Nurr1 and ERK signaling pathway might participate in the AA-induced DAergic differentiation.     

梯恩梯的危害及其防治

引用了一些国内外梯恩梯毒理学的研究资料，分析了梯恩梯光解产物对环境的污染以及梯恩梯毒性对人体健康的危害，在此基础上，提出了一些保护环境，有效减少梯恩梯危害的对策和措施。     

T-S模糊神经网络在冠心病智能诊断中的应用

 冠心病是一种最为常见的心血管疾病,近年来在中国的发病率与死亡率逐年升高,准确诊断和及时治疗是有效降低冠心病死亡率的主要措施。通过引入模糊系统的理论,在传统BP神经网络结构中加入了模糊层与模糊规则计算层,建立了T-S模糊神经网络模型。使用该模型对采集于克利夫兰诊所的297组数据进行分析预测,与传统BP神经网络预测结果对比显示,T-S模糊神经网络模型的平均准确率为82.93%,而传统BP神经网络的平均准确率为75.56%,表明T-S模糊神经网络模型在冠心病的智能诊断中具有较高的预测准确率。     

“健康中国2030”的机遇与挑战

 健康中国已上升为国家战略。介绍了《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》的主要内容,剖析了影响健康中国建设的主要问题,并提出了相应的应对措施。指出健康中国的建设关键在落实,在于政府主导、多部门合作、全社会参与的合作机制的建立。     

聚集诱导发光材料在生物成像、疾病诊断及治疗的应用

 聚集诱导发光（AIE）从2001年提出到现在,经历了迅猛的发展。研究AIE的发光机理、设计合成新型的AIE分子,应用到人类生活的各个领域中是当前的研究热点。在生物医学应用上,AIE分子相比于传统的结构平面刚性的荧光材料具有优势。根据AIE的发光机理--分子内运动受限,研究者设计出多种点亮型的AIE探针,它们可以在生物检测中提供更低的背景和更可靠的信号。同时,由于未结合检测物的AIE探针具有低背景,使用AIE探针的应用还具有无需洗涤步骤的优点,大大节省了操作时间及减少检测样品的损失。检测形成的AIE聚集体具有优异的光稳定性和抗光漂白性,可以实现长时间的追踪和监测。目前,AIE生物探针在生物分子检测、细胞器成像、细菌成像、细胞追踪、血管成像、体内肿瘤成像与治疗等方面已经取得了众多的成果。本文介绍了AIE的提出、AIE的工作机理,AIE生物探针的构建,总结了AIE探针在生物成像、疾病诊断及治疗等不同方面的应用。     

类泛素化修饰Neddylation在心脏生物学中的作用

Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 8(NEDD8)是类泛素蛋白家族的一员,其结构与泛素相似,通过E1激活酶、E2结合酶和E3连接酶等酶促级联反应对蛋白进行翻译后修饰,这一过程即为neddylation。Neddylation异常已被证实与癌症、神经退行性疾病和先天性心脏病等多种疾病密切相关。近年来,neddylation和deneddylation(底物上的NEDD8在deneddylation酶的作用下被去除,称为deneddylation)在心血管系统中的作用备受关注,本文将主要阐述neddylation的生物学过程及其在心脏生物学中的作用。     

广西北部湾海水养殖业现状与病害防控技术体系研究展望

广西北部湾海域的海水养殖业进入高速发展期,但是随之而来的病害暴发、渔药滥用、养殖污染、优质种苗不足、生态环境恶化等问题日益严峻。本文分析了广西北部湾海域海水养殖现状和病害情况,就未来广西海水生态养殖与病害防控技术体系的构建和发展趋势进行了阐述。     

Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs

Pathogen-mediated changes in host behaviour can result from hosts altering their habitat preferences. Although infection risk with pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians is associated with environments favouring its growth, the relationship with microhabitat use has not been examined. Here, we aim to determine if microhabitats used by frogs during their nocturnal activity predict B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity. Our focal host, Eleutherodactylus coqui, is a habitat generalist that uses multiple habitats from the forest floor to the canopy. We analysed data on B. dendrobatidis occurrence in 157 adults and 122 juveniles at El Yunque National forest in Puerto Rico. We categorized each individual’s nocturnal microhabitat as forest floor, curled palm fronds in the floor, arboreal bromeliads and foliage or tree trunks 50 cm to 2.5 m above ground. We found that frogs on the forest floor had the greatest B. dendrobatidis prevalence (73%), compared with those active in vegetation above ground (55%). Overall, the probability of B. dendrobatidis infection in frogs using microhabitats on the forest floor was twice as great as for those on arboreal substrates. Differences in B. dendrobatidis prevalence and intensity in E. coqui may be explained by specific abiotic conditions of microenvironments (temperature and humidity) affecting both pathogen and host, and by the age-specific ecological requirements of hosts. Adults were found to be most active in microhabitats where individuals had lower infection burdens, suggesting pathogen-modulated habitat choice. This work has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of enzootic diseases and provides data that may inform potential mitigation strategies against a generalist amphibian pathogen.